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Experimental economics is the application of experimental methods〔Including statistical, econometric, and computational. On the latter see Alvin E. Roth, 2002. "The Economist as Engineer: Game Theory, Experimentation, and Computation as Tools for Design Economics," ''Econometrica'', 70(4), pp. (1341–1378 ).〕 to study economic questions. Data collected in experiments are used to estimate effect size, test the validity of economic theories, and illuminate market mechanisms. Economic experiments usually use cash to motivate subjects, in order to mimic real-world incentives. Experiments are used to help understand how and why markets and other exchange systems function as they do. Experimental economics have also expanded to understand institutions and the law (experimental law and economics).〔See, e.g., Grechenig, K., Nicklisch, A., & Thöni, C. (2010). Punishment despite reasonable doubt—a public goods experiment with sanctions under uncertainty. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 7(4), 847-867 ((link) ).〕 A fundamental aspect of the subject is design of experiments. Experiments may be conducted in the field or in laboratory settings, whether of individual or group behavior.〔• Vernon L. Smith, 2008a. "experimental methods in economics," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition, (Abstract. ) • _____, 2008b. "experimental economics," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. (Abstract. ) • Relevant subcategories are found at the ''Journal of Economic Literature'' classification codes at JEL: C9.〕 Variants of the subject outside such formal confines include natural and quasi-natural experiments.〔J. DiNardo, 2008. "natural experiments and quasi-natural experiments," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. (Abstract. )〕 ==Experimental topics== One can loosely classify economic experiments using the following topics: * Markets * Games〔• Vernon L. Smith, 1992. "Game Theory and Experimental Economics: Beginnings and Early Influences," in E. R. Weintraub, ed., ''Towards a History of Game Theory'', pp. (241– ) 282. • _____, 2001. "Experimental Economics," ''International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences'', pp. 5100–5108. (Abstract ) per sect. 1.1 & 2.1. • Charles R. Plott and Vernon L. Smith, ed., 2008. ''Handbook of Experimental Economics Results'', v. 1, Elsevier, Part 4, Games, ch. 45–66 preview (links ). • Vincent P. Crawford, 1997. "Theory and Experiment in the Analysis of Strategic Interaction," in ''Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications'', pp. ( 206–242 ). Cambridge. Reprinted in Colin F. Camerer ''et al''., ed. (2003). ''Advances in Behavioral Economics'', Princeton. 1986–2003 papers. ( Description ), (contents ), and (preview )., Princeton, ch. 12.〕〔Martin Shubik, 2002. "Game Theory and Experimental Gaming," in Robert Aumann and Sergiu Hart, ed., ''Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications'', Elsevier, v. 3, pp. 2327–2351. (Abstract ).〕 * Evolutionary game theory * Decision making * Bargaining * Auctions * Coordination * Social Preferences * Learning * Matching * Field Experiments Within economics education, one application involves experiments used in the teaching of economics. An alternative approach with experimental dimensions is agent-based computational modeling. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「experimental economics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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